Polonnaruwa
Discover Polonnaruwa: Sri Lanka’s Ancient Royal City
Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of Sri Lanka’s most remarkable historical treasures. Located in the North Central Province, it served as the island’s capital during the 11th and 12th centuries and is a testament to the advanced engineering, art, and culture of its time. With its well-preserved ruins, serene reservoirs, and lush greenery, Polonnaruwa offers visitors a unique journey into Sri Lanka’s rich past.
A Glimpse Into Polonnaruwa’s History
Polonnaruwa rose to prominence after the decline of Anuradhapura. It became the capital under King Vijayabahu I, who liberated the island from Chola rule. His successors, including King Parakramabahu I and King Nissankamalla, transformed the city into a thriving hub of trade, religion, and culture. Today, the remnants of their vision can be explored through the city’s architectural and hydraulic marvels.
Top Attractions in Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa’s archaeological sites are spread across a vast area, showcasing a mix of religious, royal, and civic structures.
1. The Royal Palace Complex
- King Parakramabahu’s Palace: Once a grand structure, the ruins of this seven-story palace give a glimpse into its former magnificence.
- The Council Chamber: A well-preserved hall featuring intricate stone carvings, this was where royal decisions were made.
2. Gal Viharaya
This iconic site features four colossal Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. Each statue, representing different postures of the Buddha (seated, standing, and reclining), is a masterpiece of Sri Lankan stone craftsmanship.
3. The Sacred Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa)
A compact area packed with historical and religious significance, the Sacred Quadrangle is home to:
- The Vatadage: A circular relic house believed to have housed the Sacred Tooth Relic. Its intricately carved stone pillars and steps are awe-inspiring.
- Thuparama Gedige: One of the oldest intact structures in Polonnaruwa, showcasing early Buddhist architecture.
- Hatadage: A relic shrine built by King Nissankamalla to house sacred relics.
4. Parakrama Samudraya
This vast reservoir, built by King Parakramabahu I, is an engineering marvel and a lifeline for the region. It reflects the king’s philosophy that “not even a drop of water should flow into the ocean without serving humanity.”
5. Lankatilaka Temple
This impressive structure houses a colossal standing Buddha statue and is flanked by high walls adorned with intricate carvings.
Polonnaruwa: Beyond the Ruins
In addition to its historical sites, Polonnaruwa offers natural beauty and wildlife experiences:
- Minneriya National Park: Just a short drive away, this park is famous for the “Gathering,” where hundreds of elephants congregate around the Minneriya Reservoir during the dry season.
- Cycling Tours: The flat terrain and well-preserved sites make Polonnaruwa ideal for exploring by bicycle, offering a unique way to experience its beauty.
- Pothgul Viharaya: An ancient library monastery near Parakrama Samudraya, showcasing unique carvings and a serene atmosphere.
Cultural and Religious Significance
Polonnaruwa reflects the cultural diversity and religious harmony of its time:
- Buddhism: The city was a major center for Theravada Buddhism, with numerous temples, stupas, and monasteries built to support the faith.
- Hindu Influence: Polonnaruwa also features several Hindu shrines and temples, including the Shiva Devalaya, highlighting the influence of Tamil culture during the Chola period.
Why Visit Polonnaruwa?
- Historical Marvels: Explore the rich heritage and architectural brilliance of Sri Lanka’s ancient rulers.
- Scenic Beauty: Enjoy the lush landscapes and serene reservoirs that surround the city.
- Wildlife Encounters: Combine history with nature by visiting nearby national parks.
- Cycling Adventures: Discover the ancient city at your own pace, weaving through its ruins on a bicycle.
- Attire: Wear comfortable shoes and modest clothing, especially when visiting religious sites.
- Stay Hydrated: Carry water and snacks as you explore the expansive ruins under the tropical sun.
Conclusion
Polonnaruwa is a treasure trove of history and culture, offering a window into the ingenuity and spirituality of Sri Lanka’s ancient rulers. Whether you’re marveling at the Gal Viharaya’s serene Buddha statues, cycling through the Sacred Quadrangle, or relaxing by the Parakrama Samudraya, Polonnaruwa promises an enriching experience for every traveler.
At Ceylon Golden Tours, we ensure your journey to Polonnaruwa is seamless and insightful. Let us guide you through this timeless city and help you create memories that connect you to the heart of Sri Lanka’s glorious past.
